id Selector

5 Main Selectors

The id selector is used for a unique element, which means that an id should only be used one time, on one element, per page. Simply add an id attribute and a value.

<div id=”mario”></div>

<div id=”wario”></div>

The class selector is very similar to the id selector, but class can be shared with more elements. You can apply classes multiple times on a page to any element you want.

You are not restricted to the two attributes, class and id. You can specify other element-specific attributes by using [square brackets]. Inside the brackets you put the attribute name, optionally followed by a matching operator and a value.

A CSS pseudo-class is a keyword added to one of the selectors covered above that specifies a special characteristic or state of the element you’re selecting. For example :hover will apply a style when the user's cursor hovers over the element specified by the selector. You won't see these special state attributes explicitly written in HTML, but they are present nonetheless, as Element Properties ready to be manipulated using CSS.

Specificity is the means by which browsers decide which CSS property values are the most relevant to an element and, therefore, will be applied.

Remember this order — it is critical for understanding how to properly apply (and debug) CSS.

A media type can be queried in the head of an HTML document, using the media attribute on a <link />element. Essentially, you ask what size the device is and then serve it a specific CSS file instead of doing the @media() in a single CSS file just the same way you link your normal style.css file.

Specificity is the means by which browsers decide which CSS property values are the most relevant to an element and, therefore, will be applied.

Remember this order — it is critical for understanding how to properly apply (and debug) CSS.

Inline styles added to an element (e.g., style="font-weight:bold") always overwrite any styles in external stylesheets - in a sense they can be considered to have the highest specificity.

Take a look at the following code and determine what color the paragraph is going to be. Then uncomment the CSS and see if you are correct!

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